“Metastases cancer” or stage 4 cancer, is the medical term for describing a condition where a tumor originating in a certain organ, “primary tumor”, is identified in another organ or in a distant location from the original organ, e.g., metastases of breast cancer can be found in the lungs, brain, bones and liver.
It is important to note, metastases are the same type of the original primary tumor, even if its location is in distant organs and so are the treatments regarded as such, for example, a treatment for a metastatic lung cancer that has spread to the liver, is determined by the treatment for metastatic lung cancer and not by the treatment for liver cancer.
Metastases formation
Cancer cells of the primary tumor can be released into the bloodstream and lymphatic system and circulate to distant organs or adjacent organs and tissues to the primary tumor and “settle” in them and grow.
There are different types of cancer which is known where metastases can be formed, for example,
Breast cancer can spread to the bones, brain, liver and lungs
Lung cancer can spread to the brain, bones, liver and kidney
Prostate cancer can spread to the bones
Colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer can spread to the liver and lungs
Breast cancer can spread to the bones, brain, liver and lungs
Stage IV metastatic cancer and recovery
In the vast majority of the metastatic cases, the treatments do not cure. Treatment goals are slowing tumor growth rate, prolonging life and reducing the symptoms of the disease, improving the quality of life of the patient.
The efficacy of the treatments is affected by many factors, among them are the type of cancer, number of metastases (also called “lesions”) and their location, how much cancer the patient has in his or her body, growth rate of the tumor lesions, medical history of the patient, background diseases, microenvironment between the tumor cells themselves, resistance the tumor has developed to previous treatments and other.
Advanced treatments and clinical trials for stage 4
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) highlights the fact that for a certain group of metastatic cancer patients, the best treatment option is to join one of the many clinical trials existing worldwide aiming to increase their chances of therapeutic success.
This is also recommended by the USA national comprehensive cancer network, NCCN, (USA national comprehensive cancer network)
“Patients with cancer should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials during all aspects of their diagnosis and treatment”
Currently, every patient will be offered the standard protocols described above. Sometimes the oncologist may suggest integrating these therapies with trials carried out in the Institute.
Advances in cancer therapies may be found in clinical trials prescribing cutting edge, interesting drugs, some of which have already been recognized by the FDA (US Food & Drug Administration) as “breakthrough treatments” and require further information input before being finally and fully approved.
An entire world of clinical trials and compassionate drugs and treatments are open and available worldwide. It is important to know which cutting edge treatments exist which patients can gain far more from them than the standard care offered.
For most patients with stage 4 metastatic cancer, current treatments are insufficiently effective. This gives rise to the need for innovative strategies with greater efficacy in fighting the disease.
Read our publications on innovative treatments for stage 4 metastatic cancer:
What’s This About? A new study published in the prestigious The Lancet Oncology examined an innovative drug called Camizestrant in women with hormone-positive (ER+) and
Posted on September 19, 2024 What’s This About? 🔍 A promising new study examined the combination of two drugs, Rogaratinib Plus Atezolizumab, in patients with locally
About Locally Advanced Unresectable Metastatic Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (GEJ) Gastric cancer is the fifth most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Signs and symptoms can
In Short This phase Ib/II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Lenvima combined with Halaven in the treatment of patients with advanced leiomyosarcoma and
Background about Glioblastoma and the new drug Glioblastoma (GBM) has a poor prognosis, and patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification have an even
Background In this randomized clinical trial that included 585 patients with extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer, SCLC, who had not previously received systemic therapy, Seplulimab
Background A significant period until disease progression was seen in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) receiving the triplet combination of Cometriq plus Yervoy
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care for locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. However, toxicity is substantial, responses are rarely durable, and
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Camizestrant is a next-generation drug from the SERD group (Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders), taken orally unlike the existing drug Fulvestrant which is given by injection
What Did They Find?
The results are particularly impressive!
Time to disease progression was almost double with Camizestrant (7-8 months) compared to Fulvestrant (3.7 months)
The drug proved to be safe with only mild side effects
The 75mg dose was selected for further drug development
Why Is This Important?
This is significant news for many patients with metastatic breast cancer!
The new drug is not only more effective but also taken orally – which significantly eases treatment compared to injections
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