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Immunotherapy

What is Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy is a treatment that activates or suppresses the immune system and by that assist the immune system in attacking the tumor. This type of treatment is very different from chemotherapy, for example, which directly attacks the cancerous cells but unfortunately also damages healthy tissues.

The immune system has “immune barriers” which serve to regulate the immune system and prevent it from attacking the body. In cancer these functions are readily activated and as a result, the immune system ceases to attack cancerous cells, enabling the tumor to grow and proliferate in the body.

Barriers known as PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are found on T-cells and cancer cells. For example, the biological drug Opidivo® (generic name: Nivolumab) activates the immune system against the tumor.

Immunotherapy is a revolutionary strategy, and one of the most widely studied worldwide for its application to numerous types of cancer and various stages of the disease’s development. Treatment is generally provided in the form of an intravenous infusion.

Immunotherapy drugs examples:

PD-1 drugs:
• Keytruda® (Pembrolizumab)
• Opdivo® (Nivolumab)

PD-L1 drugs:
• Tecentriq® (Atezolizumab)
• Imfinzi® (Durvalumab)

What are the most common side effects?

Reaction of the skin

Redness, blisters and dryness. The skin can become sensitive when exposed to sunlight. Inflammation around the fingernails can occur and cause pain when dressing, for example.

Flu-like symptoms

Fatigue, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, body pain and high or low blood pressure

Other side effects may be:

  • Muscle Pain
  • Difficulties in breathing
  • Swelling of the legs
  • Sinus congestion
  • Headaches
  • Weight gain due to accumulation of fluids
  • Diarrhea
  • Hormonal changes
  • Cough

And there could be more

Most of the side effects will disappear at the end of the immunotherapy treatment, but some can occur months and even years later.

It is important to consult with your healthcare professional about coping with side effects.

TRIAL-IN-Pharma offers a unique, personalized research and analysis for patients with metastatic cancer and brain tumors, which reveals innovative and advanced oncologic treatments around the world and support the process of achieving them.

Read our publications on immunotherapy and other innovative treatments for stage 4 metastatic cancer:

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Top developments in 2018 in treating breast cancer

The FDA has approved the drug Olaparib (Lynparza®)

For the treatment of stage 4 metastatic breast cancer patients, whose growth expresses mutations in the BRCA gene. The approval was given following the results of a study called OLYMPIAD, which showed a significant advantage over the standard treatment. There is no doubt that those patients who received the Olaparib during the study gained life, years before it was approved.

or further reading:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1706450

Results of the TAILORx study

This is the study that changed the face of women with breast cancer (!!!) at an early stage and received midpoint score on Oncotype DX: they do not need postoperative chemotherapy. The findings save thousands of women from the harmful effects of chemotherapy, and patients who participated in the study, received quality of life before the results were published.

For further reading:

https://www.asco.org/…/most-women-early-stage-breast-cancer…

A case study of metastatic breast cancer patient who developed resistance to any standard treatment, chemotherapy and hormonal treatment.

The 49-year-old patient is ER positive and HER2 negative. She joined the Phase II study in metastatic breast cancer patients. In the study, the researchers found 62 mutations in their cancer cells in the first stage and in the second stage, they detected cells from their immune system that detect and attack at least one mutant from the 62. The same cells that were isolated from the rest in laboratory conditions outside the woman’s body, multiplied and returned back to the patient, in billions.

She reached full remission and remained in remission at 22-month follow-up after treatment started!

Until this investigational treatment will be approved and available to the general population, it can take another 10 years and the same patient who joined the study today – has earned her life long before everyone else.

For further reading:

 

Personalized immunotherapy has resulted in complete remission of metastatic breast cancer, stage 4

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0040-8

 

Remember that you can do otherwise! It is possible to join trials and win life and quality of life far more than to accept the standard

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Improving therapeutic success, extending life and quality of life are our main business. We extend to metastatic cancer patients and patients with brain tumors, the most advanced treatment options in the world and the best experts in Israel and abroad.

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