Immunotherapy

What is Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy is a treatment that activates or suppresses the immune system and by that assist the immune system in attacking the tumor. This type of treatment is very different from chemotherapy, for example, which directly attacks the cancerous cells but unfortunately also damages healthy tissues.

The immune system has “immune barriers” which serve to regulate the immune system and prevent it from attacking the body. In cancer these functions are readily activated and as a result, the immune system ceases to attack cancerous cells, enabling the tumor to grow and proliferate in the body.

Barriers known as PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are found on T-cells and cancer cells. For example, the biological drug Opidivo® (generic name: Nivolumab) activates the immune system against the tumor.

Immunotherapy is a revolutionary strategy, and one of the most widely studied worldwide for its application to numerous types of cancer and various stages of the disease’s development. Treatment is generally provided in the form of an intravenous infusion.

Immunotherapy drugs examples:

PD-1 drugs:
• Keytruda® (Pembrolizumab)
• Opdivo® (Nivolumab)

PD-L1 drugs:
• Tecentriq® (Atezolizumab)
• Imfinzi® (Durvalumab)

What are the most common side effects?

Reaction of the skin

Redness, blisters and dryness. The skin can become sensitive when exposed to sunlight. Inflammation around the fingernails can occur and cause pain when dressing, for example.

Flu-like symptoms

Fatigue, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, body pain and high or low blood pressure

Other side effects may be:

Muscle Pain
Difficulties in breathing
Swelling of the legs
Sinus congestion
Headaches
Weight gain due to accumulation of fluids
Diarrhea
Hormonal changes
Cough

And there could be more

Most of the side effects will disappear at the end of the immunotherapy treatment, but some can occur months and even years later.

It is important to consult with your healthcare professional about coping with side effects.

TRIAL-IN-Pharma offers a unique, personalized research and analysis for patients with metastatic cancer and brain tumors, which reveals innovative and advanced oncologic treatments around the world and support the process of achieving them.

Read our publications on immunotherapy and other innovative treatments for stage 4 metastatic cancer:

Lung cancer – Toripalimab Plus Chemo is Better than Chemo Alone

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Lung cancer – Toripalimab Plus Chemo is Better than Chemo Alone

Background

According to data from the CHOICE-1 trial, Toripalimab (anti–PD-1) in combination with chemotherapy showed significant improvement in the length of time until progression of the disease (Also called, Progression-Free Survival, PFS) and Survival in the first-line treatment of advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC, regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression.

The addition of toripalimab to chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with previously untreated advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC, derived superior survival outcomes verses chemotherapy alone, according to results from the phase 3 CHOICE-1 trial that were presented as part of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, ASCO, plenary sessions.

About the Study in Lung Cancer

The double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial compared the efficacy and safety of Toripalimab vs placebo plus frontline standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.

To be eligible for inclusion on the trial, patients needed to have stage IIIB or IV disease, have no prior treatment for locally advanced or metastatic disease. There were more inclusion criteria to be eligible for the trial.

456 patients were randomized to receive either Toripalimab at 240 mg on day 1 of each 3-week cycle plus either Alimta and Cisplatin/Carboplatin for 4 to 6 cycles followed by Alimta. For patients with non-squamous histology or nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) plus carboplatin for 4 to 6 cycles in those with squamous histology; those in the control arm received the same chemotherapy regimens as in the experimental arm plus matched placebo.

Study Results

Final PFS analysis revealed a 51% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death with Toripalimab vs chemotherapy, with medians of 8.4 months and 5.6 months, respectively.

The PFS rate at 1 year, which is the percentage of patients with no disease progression at 1 year of treatment, in the Toripalimab group was 36.7% vs 17.2% with the placebo.

65.7% of patients in the Toripalimab group had their tumors shrunken vs 46.2% with chemo + placebo.

At the interim Survival analysis revealed a 31% reduction in the risk for death.

Median Survival in the study population was still not reached at time of the analysis in the Toripalimab arm vs 17.1 months with placebo.

Side Effects

The occurrence of hard and severe side effects was greater in the Toripalimab group. 5.5% vs 2.6% resulted in death.

Patients on Toripalimab experienced higher rates of therapy discontinuation and interruption.

Takeaway message for lung cancer patients

Toripalimab (anti–PD-1) in combination with chemotherapy showed significant improvement in the treatment outcomes. It was given as first-line treatment of advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC, regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression.

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Article categories

Immunotherapy

What is Immunotherapy?

What are the most common side effects?

Reaction of the skin

Flu-like symptoms

Other side effects may be:

Read our publications on immunotherapy and other innovative treatments for stage 4 metastatic cancer:

קטגוריות המאמרים

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Lung cancer – Toripalimab Plus Chemo is Better than Chemo Alone

Background

About the Study in Lung Cancer

Study Results

Side Effects

Takeaway message for lung cancer patients

Talk to us so see if we can help you to actually get the most advanced treatments

קטגוריות המאמרים

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